But the actual separation of the two slots is kept slightly less than λ/2. Ideally, the distance between the two slots should be λ/2, where λ is the wavelength in the dielectric (substrate).
#Cst microwave studio define surface by equation Patch
In our study, by introducing a slot into the circular patch we have varied the notch width g using various dielectric substrates to improve the performance of circular patch antenna. The fed is inserted into the circular radiating element for proper impedance matching. The proposed antenna is fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line since it is most commonly being used and very easy to design. There are different types of feeding techniques of a patch antenna like: probe feed, microstrip line feed, aperture coupled feed and proximity coupling feed. Higher dielectric constants of thin substrates are attractive for microwave circuitry since they need tightly bound fields to minimize undesirable radiation and coupling, which lead to smaller element sizes however, they are less efficient and have relatively smaller bandwidths. Thicker substrates with lower values of dielectric constant provide better efficiency, larger bandwidth, increase the fringing field of the patch and thus the radiating power, but it increases weight and surface wave losses. For this reason, it is extensively being used for the various wireless applications.
The patch of antenna is a thin metal strip mounted on the ground plane under which the thickness of the metal strip is limited by t <<λ 0 and the height is restricted by 0.00033 λ 0 < h < 0.053 λ 0 to reduce the fringing effect and the range of dielectric constants are usually in the range of 2.2 <εr <12. Moreover, at the same design frequency the circular patch antenna is about 16% smaller in size than that of the rectangular patch antenna. It is very easy and simple to design and control the radiation patterns in circular patch antenna as compared to the rectangular antenna where length and width of the patch are used to control and design. However, circular structures have been found to be smaller dimensions related to the operations of the frequency. The Patches of the radiating elements of printed antennas have different shapes like triangular, rectangular, square, elliptical and circular. The microstrip antennas are predominantly a broadside radiator. To meet the growing demands of the communication systems, researchers have continuously developed new and effective methods to improve the different features of microstrip patch antennas like bandwidth -, polarization, gain, return loss, directivity etc. The need for wideband antennas operating at higher frequencies is significantly increasing as the various wireless applications require more and more bandwidth. Although the patch antenna has several advantages but it has some limitations like narrow bandwidth. Introduction In recent years, the microstrip patch antenna has widely been used for various specific applications in satellite communications, aerospace, radars, biomedical applications, mobile communication for GSM, and remote sensing applications because of its special features like ease of analysis and fabrication, low cost, light weight, easy to feed, capability of dual, triple and several frequency operations and attractive radiation. The proposed antenna can efficiently be used in C band applications like in satellite communication, WiMAX, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and so on for transmitting and receiving signals and information over the long distances by dissipating less amount of power.ġ.
Maximum negative return loss of -57.32 was obtained for Preperm L500 dielectric material. It was seen that among the four dielectric materials, the substrate with the low dielectric constant has the highest directivity with a wide beam radiation pattern while FR 4 has the least gain. Four Substrate materials like Arlon AD 350A with dielectric constant of 3.5, FR-4 with dielectric constant of 4.3, Preperm L500 with dielectric constant of 5 and Lead glass with dielectric constant of 6 were taken to investigate their effects on the performance by simulating the antenna at 5GHZ. The design frequency and the thickness of the substrates were kept constant while different substrate materials were used and the notch width was varied to obtain the maximum performance. This paper demonstrates the effect of using different dielectric substrates on the performance of an inset fed circular patch microstrip antenna with the variation of notch width for 5 GHz wireless communications.
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